Bitumen Derivatives

Asphalt Derivatives

- Cutback Asphalt
Are mixtures of bitumens with volatile petroleum diluents such as white spirit, kerosine, or gas oil to render them more fluid for ease of handling and application. Depending on the level and volatility of the diluent used, the original properties of the bitumen may be partly or completely recovered by evaporation after application of the cutback. Cutbacks are sometimes heated for handling and application to temperatures up to 175°C. Grades are designated either by the temperature required to achieve a specified viscosity or by the viscosity at a specified temperature. Cutback grades are mainly used in road surface dressing.

- Fluxed Asphalt
Are mixtures of bitumens with fluxes (high boiling petroleum products such as industrial process oils, or heavy distillates
typically with initial boiling points above 350°C) to make products which are easier to use in certain applications. There is only
limited evaporation of the flux after applications. Grades are designated by their viscosity. There are a limited number of
applications, mainly in the Nordic countries.

- Bitumen Asphalt
Are fine dispersions of bitumen in water, where bitumen is the dispersed phase, and water is the continuous phase. They are
normally manufactured from penetration grades using a high shear milling system; other special equipment may be used for some industrial emulsions. Some emulsions may contain fluxing agents and/or volatile diluents either added during production or previously blended. The "bitumen solids" content of an emulsion varies between 40 and 80 per cent and application temperatures range from ambient to 90°C. Normally higher solids content emulsions require higher application temperatures. Three types exist according to the type of electrical charge imparted by the stabilising agent (emulsifier or soap solution) to the bitumen particles; anionic, cationic and nonionic. Cationic emulsions are used most frequently, and in many parts of the world they are more widely used than cutback bitumens. Some special emulsions may be manufactured from modified bitumens, or have polymers added in the form of a latex.

- Modified Asphalt
Are bitumens in which the rheological properties have been substantially changed by the addition of a physical or chemical
agent. This would normally be an elastomeric or plastomeric agent (Polymer Modified Bitumen or PMB). They are mainly used in road construction, roofing and waterproofing, sometimes at elevated temperatures (up to 230°C).

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